The Ipifuny Spelling System
(Epiphany)
060305
This is a work in progress. If something looks wrong, it might be.
Ipufuny is a family of spelling systems: Ipifuny-oo, Ipifuny-uu, Ipifuny-dh.
The only difference between the systems are shown in these sample words:
good food brother.
Ipifuny-oo - good food brvthur
Ipifuny-uu - guud food brvthur
Ipifuny-dh -
guud food brvdhur
Contents
1 - Some terms and conventions
2 - Introduction 3 - Sample text 5 - Stress 6 - Vowel chart 8 - Vowel overlaps 9 - Word end vowels 10 - Word
end vowels with a suffix 11 - Word end
vowel rules 12 - Single vowel words |
13 - Vowel combinations 14 - Ambiguous vowel combinations 15 - Vowel exceptions 16 - Syllabic consonants 17 - Consonants 18 - Consonant exceptions 19 - x, ex, cs, ecs, egz, ics,gz, igz 20 - Homophones
and homographs 21 - Hyphenated words 22 - Contractions |
1 - Some terms and conventions
TS = traditional spelling.
EPG = Epiphany Pronunciation Guide. EPG symbols are used to illustrate specific sounds. Refer to the EPG vowels in the chart.
The <> symbols will mark a TS word being referenced.
EPG symbols will be enclosed in //.
Ipifuny spelling will be in italics. <Father> /’ffaadh-ur/ fothur.
Stress marking will be before the syllable. ('x) - primary stress. (,x) - secondary stress.
Base word - is a word without prefixes or suffixes. Base word, necessary; unnecessary, necessarily.
Schwa is the: a in, alone, the e in silent, the i in rabbit, the o in bottom, the u in circus. For all practical purposes, schwa is the same as the vowel in cut except for stress and length.
In Ipifuny, schwa is spelled u except: schwa is spelled 'a' at base word end. <Comma> coma, camuraman, camuraz.
It might be
a good idea to take a quick overall look at this file before attempting
to digest the information from the beginning.
Ipifuny is spelled in the General American dialect. Kind of. It uses some merged vowels, which essentially makes it an Ipifuny dialect.
Ipifuny is going out on a limb relative to many other spelling systems. A major departure from TS is being made in order to supply a considerable amount of stress marking with an unconventional use of the letter v. V used to be used as both vowel and consonant and Ipifuny is resurrecting the practice. As far as I know, it was never used as a stress marker. In Ipifuny, vowel-v is the same as 'u' but stressed and of longer duration. U will still be used in single syllable words. Cut. Also, v is being used in the vr combination, as in the word <further> fvrthur/fvrdhur. Vr and ur, are the same sound except for stress and duration. Vowel-v before r is different from v in other environments. When vv would occur, uv or vu, will be spelled. <Above> ubuv, <version> vurzhun.
Since all spelling systems based on pronunciation and spelling predictability will look somewhat different from TS, these oddities might not be overly significant and they do offer benefits.
See this page for information on a
preliminary dictionary for Ipifuny-oo.
A much
larger sample of Ipifuny text, a trascription of H. G. Wells' The Time Machine, may be
downloaded from here.
A portion of a story
THE EMPURUR'Z NU CLOEZ
By Hans Christian Andersen (transcribed in Ipifuny-oo - good food)
Meny yirz ugo, ther wuz an Empurur, hu wuz so exesivly fond uv nu cloez, that he spent ol hiz mvny in dres. He did not trvbul himself in the leest ubout hiz soeljurz; nor did he ker tu go eethur tu the theutur or the chaes, exept for the opurtoonutyz then ufordud him for displaying hiz nu cloez. He had a difurunt soot for eech our uv the day; and az uv eny vthur king or empurur, wun iz ucvstumd tu say, "he iz siting in counsul," it wuz olwaez sed uv him, "The Empurur iz siting in hiz wordroeb." Tiem past meruly in the larj toun wich wuz hiz caputul; straenjurz urievd evry day at the cort. Wun day, tu roegz, coling themselvz weevurz, maed ther upiruns. Thay gaev out that thay nu how tu weev stufs uv the moest buetuful cvlurz and ilaburut paturnz, the cloez manyufacshurd frum wich shood hav the wvndurful propurty uf rimaening invizubul tu evrywun hu wuz unfit for the ofus he held, or hu wuz extrorduneruly simpul in carructur. "Theez must, indeed, be splendud cloez!" thot the Empurur. "Had I such a soot, I miet at wuns fiend out wot men in my relmz ar unfit for ther ofus, and olso be aebul tu distingwish the wiez frum the foolish! This stuf must be woevun for me imeedeutly." And he cozd larj sumz uv mvny tu be givun tu boeth the weevurz in ordur that thay miet bigin ther wurk durectly. So the tu pritendud weevurz set up tu loomz, and ufectud tu wurk very bizuly, tho in realuty thay did nvthing at ol. Thay askt for the moest delicut silk and the pyoorust goeld thred; poot boeth intu ther oen napsaks; and then cuntinued ther pritendud wurk at the empty loomz until laet at niet.
304 words - 280 with clear stress - 24 with unclear stress - 92% clear stress - without marking schwa, there is only 75% clear stress.
THE EMPURUR'Z NU CLOEZ
By Hans Christian Andersen (transcribed in Ipifuny-uu - guud food)
Meny yirz
ugo, ther wuz an Empurur, hu wuz so exesivly fond uv nu cloez, that he
spent ol hiz mvny in dres. He did not trvbul himself in the leest ubout
hiz soeljurz; nor did he ker tu go eethur tu the theutur or the chaes,
exept for the opurtoonutyz then ufordud him for displaying hiz nu
cloez. He had a difurunt soot for eech our uv the day; and az uv eny
vthur king or empurur, wun iz ucvstumd tu say, "he iz siting in
counsul," it wuz olwaez sed uv him, "The Empurur iz siting in hiz
wordroeb." Tiem past meruly in the larj toun wich wuz hiz caputul;
straenjurz urievd evry day at the cort. Wun day, tu roegz, coling
themselvz weevurz, maed ther upiruns. Thay gaev out that thay nu how tu
weev stufs uv the moest buetuful cvlurz and ilaburut paturnz, the cloez
manyufacshurd frum wich shuud hav the wvndurful propurty uf
rimaening invizubul tu evrywun hu wuz unfit for the ofus he held, or hu
wuz extrorduneruly simpul in carructur. "Theez must, indeed, be
splendud cloez!" thot the Empurur. "Had I such a soot, I miet at wuns
fiend out wot men in my relmz ar unfit for ther ofus, and olso be aebul
tu distingwish the wiez frum the foolish! This stuf must be woevun for
me imeedeutly." And he cozd larj sumz uv mvny tu be givun tu boeth the
weevurz in ordur that thay miet bigin ther wurk durectly. So the tu
pritendud weevurz set up tu loomz, and ufectud tu wurk very bizuly, tho
in realuty thay did nvthing at ol. Thay askt for the moest delicut silk
and the pyuurust
goeld thred;
puut boeth intu ther oen
napsaks; and then cuntinued ther pritendud wurk at the empty loomz
until laet at niet.
Ipifuny is not intended to have optional spellings, except: names and capilalized words may be spelled in the old spelling. There will be some exceptions to this rule explained later. However, it simplifies spelling considerably to spell in what you think is the most common dialect, so that may be best until you learn the difference between your dialect and the Ipifuny dialect. At any rate, it is not likely to become important in your lifetime.
For now;
proper names and such will be spelled as in TS. America, England,
William. But the days of the week and months of the year should
be
spelled in Ipifuny. This is an area that needs more work. Use your own
judgement about the acceptablility of using the new spelling. You could
use both spellings when the pronunciation of the old spelling would be
clarified.
a - /ee/ - Ee is stressed except in single syllable words; where stress is not relevant. <Really> reely, feet.
b - /y/ - Vowel-y is always unstressed. <Really> reely. <Restate> rystaet.
c - /u/ - 'A' at word end is schwa (unstressed) <Camera> camura.
d - U is schwa or /u/ with less than primary stress. <Humdrum> /'hum ,drum/ hvmdrum; <alone> uloen.
e - U is the same as v but unstressed and of shorter duration. <Under> vndur, <alone> uloen.
f - Ur is the same as vr but unstressed and of shorter duration. <Further> fvrthur.
g - The -ing suffix at word end is unstressed. Singing.
h - Full stress can be marked for teaching purposes. When marking stress with a diacritic, the diacritic will be placed above the first letter of a vowel digraph. á é í ó ú úu Á É Í Ó Ú áe ée íe óe úe óo áu/áw/ ói/óy óu/ów. <Alow> ulów. A default stress rule can be used that places stress on the first syllable if no stress marks are used in the word. This means only a small number of words need a stress mark. About 8%.
i - For general text, vocabulary will provide proper stress except for uncommon words. Look it up.
j - EPG
stress marking will be before the syllable. ('x) - primary stress. (,x)
- secondary stress
EPG = Epiphany PG
IP = Ipifuny-uu
EPG |
IP |
TS |
IP |
EPG |
IP |
TS |
IP |
|
a |
a |
trap |
trap |
ae |
ae |
face |
faes |
|
arr (f) |
arr |
marry |
marry |
ee |
ee |
geese |
gees |
|
e |
e |
bed |
bed |
y |
y (d) |
penny |
peny |
|
i |
i |
kit |
kit |
ie |
ie |
light |
liet |
|
o |
o (a) |
hot |
hot Br |
oe |
oe |
goat |
goet |
|
aa |
o (a) |
hot |
hot Am |
ue |
ue |
fuel |
fuel |
|
ar (f) |
ar |
car |
car |
oo |
oo (c) |
goose |
goos |
|
v |
v (b) |
under |
vndur |
au |
o |
thought |
thot |
|
u |
u |
alone |
uloen |
or (f) |
or |
fork |
fork |
|
vr |
vr (b) |
early |
vrly |
oi |
oi |
coin |
coin |
|
ur |
ur |
letter |
letur |
ou |
ou |
mouth |
mouth |
|
uu |
oo/uu (c) |
foot |
foot/fuut |
a - /aa/,
/o/ and /au/ are merged in the spelling except, aa and aw are used at
word end and aa is spelled as the first vowel of a vowel combination. Hot
dog. <Spa> spaa, <draw> draw, drawing, <naive>
naaeev.
a1 - When
spelling dialog, it would be best not to merge vowels in the spelling,
so: hot, dog, on, fork, because, good, food, could be spelled: hot
or
haat, dog or daug, aan or aun or on, bicoz or bicuaz or bycauz, good or guud, food or fuud, cut or cuut, etc.
b - Vowel-v and vr are always stressed.
b1 - When vv would occur, spell uv or vu. <Above> ubuv, <version> vurzhun.
c - 'Oo' is spelled for both /oo/ and /ue/ in Ipifuny: good food. Ipifuny-uu spells, guud food.
d - Y is both vowel and consonant. There is no conflict. Y is a consonant when followed by a vowel excepting when it is part of a word end vowel. Layout, Flying.
e - In the
EPG, /a+r/ is spelled arr; /aa+r/ is spelled /ar/; /au+r/ is spelled
or. /marry/, /kar/, /ffork/. Purists may prefer to use, /ar/, /aar/ and
/aur/. <Marry> /mary/; <car> /kaar/; <fork> /ffaurk/.
See below.
EPG |
EPG-alt |
Ipifuny |
keyword |
Ipifuny |
ar |
arr |
arr |
marry |
marry |
aar |
ar |
ar |
car |
car |
aur |
or |
or |
corn |
corn |
This chart shows vowel spelling overlaps. These overlaps permit a more TS appearance and do not hurt word recognition significantly.
Vowel |
TS keywords |
Ipifuny spelling |
|
a |
trap - comma |
trap - coma |
|
e |
dress - me |
dres - me |
|
i |
kit - deny |
kit - dini |
|
o |
lot - go - thought |
lot - go - thot |
|
u |
strut - alone - flu |
strut - uloen - flu |
|
ee |
fleece - reenter |
flees - reentur |
|
y |
sky - story - yes |
sky - story - yes |
|
oe |
goat - coed |
goet - coed |
|
oo |
good - moon - cooperate |
good/guud - moon - coopuraet |
|
ue |
influential - fuel |
influenchul - fuel |
|
oi |
choice - going |
chois - going |
|
ou |
mouth - poet |
mouth - pout |
See Vowel combinations for more
examples of vowel overlapping.
EPG |
IP |
TS |
IP |
EPG |
IP |
TS |
IP |
|
a |
ah |
nah |
nah |
ie |
y |
fly |
fly |
|
aa |
aa |
spa |
spaa |
ie |
i |
deny |
dini |
|
v |
uh |
huh |
huh |
oe |
o |
go |
go |
|
u |
a |
comma |
coma |
oo |
u |
flu |
flu |
|
ae |
ay |
day |
day |
ue |
ue |
argue |
argue |
|
ee |
ee |
agree |
ugree |
au |
aw |
saw |
saw |
|
ee |
e |
be |
be |
oi |
oy |
boy |
boy |
|
y |
y |
story |
story |
ou |
ow |
cow |
cow |
camuraman,
camuraz, dayliet, playur, playd, ugreed, ugreubul, beez, being,
carreur, bereul, berying, beryd, hapy, enyway, penyz, flypaepur,
flying, flyur, pried, rilied, riliubul, goez, going, <mower>
moeur, argued, argueing, fueur, rinuing, <newer> nuur,
rinood, sawhors, sawing, sawd, boyz, boyhood/boyhuud, unoying, unoyd,
distroyur, cowboy.
Some rules for word end vowels are not shown here because they are covered elsewhere.
a - Y, is only /ie/ at word end of single syllable words or in compound words at the end of a single syllable word. By, my, shy, flypaepur, playur.
b - When single vowel letters, e, i, o, u or y /ie/, are at base word end and a suffix beginning with a consonant is added, the word end vowels will revert to their digraph forms. ee, ie, oe, oo, ie. <Knees> ne-z, neez; <allied> ali-d, alied; <snowed> sno-d, snoed; <glued> glu-d, glood; <fry> fry, fried, <fries> friez. The same action is required in double words. <Snowman> sno-man, snoeman.
c - Y /y/ at base word end will convert to e when a suffix beginning with a vowel (this includes syllabic consonants) is added. <Carrier> carreur, <burial> bereul. <Happiest> hapeust, <hurried> huryd, <worries> wuryz, <married> marryd.
d - Word end
vowels preceeding /.l/, /ul/; /.r/ or /ur/, will be spelled with ul or
ur following the word end vowel. <Betrayal> bitrayul,
<player> playur, <carrier> carreur,
<Denial> deniul, <flyer> flyur,
<newer> nuur, <drawer> drawur,
<destroyer> distroyur. Exception: word end vowel o will
convert to oe; <Mower> moeur.
<ah> aa,
<eh> ae, <I> I, <eye> ie,
<aye> ie, <oh, owe> oe, <ewe> ue.
The indefinite article is spelled, a; /ae/ and /u/. "Hav a
cup uv cofy." <You> will be spelled yu instead of ue
in order to preserve some TS appearance.
a - Vowel combinations that begin with /ae, ee, ie, oe/ will drop the e. <Chaos> caos, <create> creaet; <agreeable> agreubul; <reliable> riliubul; <oasis> oaesus, <gaiety> gauty, <poet> pout. Exception; /oe/ at base word end followed by ul or ur. <Mower> moeur. Also; /oe_y/ will be spelled: oey. <Showy> shoey.
b - /y/ will be spelled e at the beginning of a vowel combination except when it preceeds ing. <Piano> peano, <hurrying> hurying. <Carrier> carreur, <merriest> mereust.
c - /ee/ will be spelled e at the beginning of a vowel combination <realize> reuliez. Even when ee is a word end vowel: <agreeable> ugreubul, <seeing> seing, being.
d - Some vowel combinations begin with a ‘word end vowel’ such as, ay, y /ie/, y /y/, aw and ow. These will not be converted to, a, i, ou, etc. <Layaway> layuway, <flyover> flyoevur, flying, <however> howevur, drawing, <annoying> unoying.
e - Sometimes /ju/ and /y-u/ are interchangeable, depending on diulect. <Ceremonial> serumoeneul or serumoenyul, <colonial> culoeneul or culoenyul, <champion> champyun or champeun. The ‘standard’ will select a preferred spelling. In this case, serumoeneul, culoeneul and champyun. For the time being, spell what seems comfortable to you.
f - Vowel combinations beginning with /oo/ will spell u: gluing, <gooey> guy.
g - Vowel combinations beginning with /ue/ wil spell ue: <vacuum> vacueum.
A - Reference number
1 - EPG symbol
2 - Traditional keyword
3 - EPG word
4 - Ipifuny - American dialect
5 - Ipifuny vowel combinations
These are not all the vowel combinations but the pattern can be seen. All of these words are not used in Ipifuny.
A |
1 v1+v2 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
01 |
ae_e |
layette |
lae-'et |
laet |
ae |
02 |
ae_i |
saying |
'sae_ing |
saying |
ayi |
02a |
ae_i |
algebraic |
al-jju-'brae_ik |
aljubraic |
ai |
03 |
ae_aa |
chaos |
'kae_aas |
caos |
ao |
04 |
ae_u |
betrayal |
bi-'trae_ul |
bitrayul |
ayu |
04a |
ae_u |
layaway |
'lae_u-wae |
layuway |
ayu |
04b |
ae_u |
gaiety |
'gae_u-ty |
gauty |
au |
05 |
ae_oe |
layover |
'lae_oe-fur |
layoevur |
ayoe |
06 |
ae_ou |
layout |
'lae_out |
layout |
ayou |
07 |
y_a |
piano |
py-'an-oe |
peano |
ea |
07a |
y_a |
patriarch |
'paet-ry_ark |
paetreark |
ea |
08 |
y_e |
reenter |
ry-'ent-ur |
reentur |
ee |
09 |
y_ae |
create |
kry-'aet |
creaet |
eae |
010 |
y_ee |
medieval |
my-dy-'eef-ul |
mydeeevul |
eee |
011 |
y_y |
tibiae |
'tib-y_y |
tibey |
ey |
012 |
y_oe |
video |
'fid-y_oe |
video |
eo |
013 |
ee_i |
seeing |
'see_ing |
seing |
ei |
014 |
ee_aa |
neon |
'nee_aan |
neon |
eo |
015 |
ee_u |
agreable |
u-'gree_u-bul |
agreubul |
eu |
015a |
ee_u |
idea |
ie-'dee_u |
iedea |
ea |
016 |
ie_a |
diagonal |
die-'ag-u-nul |
diagunul |
ia |
017 |
ie_e |
paella |
pie-'el-u |
piela |
ie |
018 |
ie_i |
flying |
'fflie_ing |
flying |
yi |
018a |
ie_i |
eyeing |
'ie_ing |
iing |
ii |
019 |
ie_aa |
ionosphere |
ie-'aan-us-ffir |
ionusfir |
io |
020 |
ie_u |
lion |
'lie_un |
liun |
iu |
021 |
ie_ae |
hiatus |
hie-'aet-us |
hiaetus |
iae |
022 |
ie_ee |
hyena |
hie-'een-u |
hieena |
iee |
023 |
ie_oe |
diode |
'die_oed |
dioed |
ioe |
023a |
ie_oe |
bayou (Am) |
'bie_oe |
bio |
io |
024 |
ie_ue |
bayou (Br) |
'bie_oo |
biu |
iu |
025 |
ie_ou |
buyout |
'bie_out |
byout |
you |
026 |
oe_a |
coaxial |
koe-'ak-sy_ul |
coaxeul |
oa |
027 |
oe_e |
coed |
'koe_ed |
coed |
oe |
028 |
oe_i |
going |
'goe_ing |
going |
oing |
029 |
oe_aa |
cooperate |
koe-'aap-u-raet |
coopuraet |
oo |
029a |
oe_aa |
koala |
koe-'aal-u |
coola |
oo |
030 |
oe_u |
poet |
'poe_ut |
pout |
ou |
030a |
oe_u |
boa |
'boe_u |
boa |
oa |
031 |
oe_ae |
oasis |
oe-'ae-sus |
oaesus |
oae |
032 |
oe_y |
showy |
'shoe_y |
shoey |
oey |
033 |
oo_e |
influential |
,in-ffloo-'en-chul |
influenchul |
ue |
033a |
oo_e |
whoever |
hoo-'e-fur |
huevur |
ue |
034 |
oo_i |
gluing |
'gloo_ing |
gluing |
ui |
035 |
oo_aa |
nuance |
'noo_aans Am |
nuons |
uo |
036 |
oo_u |
fluid (Am) |
'ffloo_ud |
fluud |
uu |
037 |
oo_y |
gooey |
'goo_y |
guy |
uy |
038 |
oo_oe |
duo |
'doo_oe |
duo |
uo |
039 |
oo_ou |
throughout |
throo-'out |
thruout |
uou |
040 |
oo_ae |
graduate |
'grajj-oo_aet |
grajuaet |
uae |
041 |
ue_e |
innuendo |
,in-ue-'en-doe |
inueendo |
uee |
042 |
ue_u |
vacuum |
'fak-ue_um |
vacueum |
ueu |
043 |
ue_ee |
evacuee |
i-fak-ue-'ee |
evacueee |
ueee |
044 |
ou_e |
however |
hou-'e-fur |
howevur |
owe |
045 |
ou_i |
plowing |
'plou_ing |
plowing |
owi |
045a |
ou_i |
howitzer |
'hou_its-ur |
houitsur |
oui |
046 |
ou_u |
allowance |
u-'lou_uns |
ulowuns |
owu |
047 |
oi_i |
annoying |
u-'noi_ing |
unoying |
oyi |
048 |
oi_u |
arroyo |
u-'roi_u |
uroia |
oia |
048a |
oi_u |
joyous |
'jjoi_us |
joyus |
oyu |
049 |
oi_ae |
foyer Br |
'ffoi_ae |
foiay |
oiay |
050 |
oi_y |
employee |
im-'ploi_y |
imployy |
oyy |
051 |
oi_oe |
arroyo |
u-'roi_oe |
uroio |
oio |
052 |
au_i |
drawing |
'drau_ing |
drawing |
awi |
053 |
aa_e |
paella |
paa-'el-u |
paaela |
aae |
01 |
ae_e |
layette |
lae-'et |
laet |
ae |
08 |
y_e |
reenter |
ry-'en-tur |
reentur |
ee |
011 |
y_ee |
medieval |
my-dy-'ee-ful |
mydeeevul |
eee |
017 |
ie_e |
paella |
pie-'el-u |
piela |
ie |
027 |
oe_e |
coed |
'koe_ed |
coed |
oe |
028 |
oe_i |
going |
'goe_ing |
going |
oi |
029 |
oe_aa |
cooperate |
koe-'aap-ur-aet |
coopuraet |
oo |
029a |
oe_aa |
koala |
koe-'aa-lu |
coola |
oo |
030 |
oe_u |
poet |
'poe_ut |
pout |
ou |
033 |
oo_e |
influential |
,in-ffloo-'ench-ul |
influenchul |
ue |
033a |
oo_e |
whoever |
hoo-'ef-ur |
huevur |
ue |
036 |
oo_u |
fluid (Am) |
'ffloo_ud |
fluud |
uu |
041 |
ue_e |
innuendo |
,in-ue-'en-doe |
inueendo |
uee |
Ambiguity is permitted in Ipifuny because it simplifies spelling without significantly harming word recognition. Its an either/or situation. It is either /oo/ or /oe_aa/. Also it reduces the length of the vowel combination from oeo to oo or from ooe to ue. TS has lots of this type vowel overlap and we can deal with the few that are in Ipifuny.
The above
vowel combinations can generally only be pronounced two ways. Only one
of which will provide word recognition when context and vocabulary are
considered.
a - /ae/u/ - a - The indefinite article, a will be used for both the stressed and unstressed forms as in traditional spelling. "Hav a cup uv wotur."
b - /aa/, /o/ and /au/ are merged in the spelling except, aa and aw are used at word end and aa is spelled as the first vowel of a vowel combination. Hot dog. <Spa> spaa, <draw> draw, drawing, <naive> naaeev.
c - /arr/ - Arr is spelled in Ipifuny for this sound to avoid conflict with ar (car) and to look more like traditional spelling. Marry.
d - /oel/ - /oel/, is not pronounced as /oe+l/ though it will be so spelled in EPG. The sound is as in; gold, soldier, boulder, solstice, doldrums. In Ipifuny, gold is <galled>, bold is <bald>. <Gold> goeld, soeljur, boeldur, soelstus, doeldrumz.
e - /v/ - U will be spelled in single syllable words. Cut, <sunny> svny.
e1 - /vf/ will be spelled, uv, and /fvr/ will be spelled, vur. <Above> ubuv; <version> vurzhun.
f - /ul/, /.l/, /u-l/ - Merged in the spelling and will be spelled ul. <Dull > dul; <paddle> /pad.l/ padul; <pull> /puul/, pul; <bull> /buul/, bul; <alone> uloen.
g - /-id/ and /-ud/ at word end. When either -id or -ud could be pronounced at word end; spell -ud. <Afforded> ufordud, <affected> ufectud <lucid> loosud. This should probably be reversed for the British dialect.
h - /y/ - ‘Y’ is a vowel before consonants and at base word end. <Any> eny, <anytime> enytiem, story, marrying.
h1 - ‘Y’ is a consonant when preceeding a vowel except when ‘y’ is at base word end. Carrying, <million> milyun, yes, layout.
i - O’ - prefix in family names. Pronounced, /oe/ and sometimes, /u/. <O’Malley> O’Maly. /oe’mal-y/ /u’mal-y/
j - /-ust/
and /-ist/ at word end will be spelled, -ist. Dentist, kemist,
fizusist, pyoorist. It is sometimes hard to tell whether the
pronuniation should be /-ist/ or /-ust/, so choosing one for all
instances seems the thing to do.
a - .l, .m, .n and .r, are syllabic consonants in EPG. <Feel> /'ffee.l/; <button> /bvt.n/; <ffire> /'ffie.r/.
b - A syllabic consonant is an unstressed, l m n or r, that can represent a syllable without any other vowel representation. <Bottle> /bot-l/, <several> /sef-r-l/, <button> /bvt-n/, <fire> /'ffie-r/.
c - Ipifuny spells the syllabic consonant with u when it follows a consonant. <Awful> /auff.l/ oful.
c1 - Exception a: /r.l/. may be spelled out or not. <Girl> gurl or gurul, <world> wurld or wuruld; <quarrel> quorl or quorul, <squirrel> squurl or squurul. The standard will likely choose spellings to match present TS. Gurl, wurld, quorul. I believe there are two vowels in these words; girl /'gur.l/ and world /'wur.ld/, but I have been assured that I am wrong. Anyway, it looks like /.l/ to me.
c2 - Exception b: Contractions such as, couldn’t, will be compressed. Cuudnt.
c3 - There is a spelling sequence that may optionally be pronounced two ways: Vcsl/rv. V = stressed vowel; c = consonant; s = schwa; l/r = l or r; v = vowel. <Family> famuly or famly; <several> sevurul or sevrul. Standard Ipifuny will generally spell the longer form. Since this doesn't always work well, words with this form may be spelled either way. Famuly, famly, <struggle> strugul, <struggling>, strugling, <tickle> ticul, <tickling>, ticling. Generally, one of these will look right to you.
d - /y/ - Y is a vowel before consonants and at word end. Y is a consonant before vowels. <Million> milyun, yes.
e - /.l/, /ul/, /.r/ and /ur/ will be spelled, l and r, following stressed vowels. <fire> /'ffie.r/ fier, <feel> /'ffee.l/ /'ffee_ul/ feel, oil, <royal> /'roi_ul/ roil, <royally> /'roi_ul-y/ roily. Word end vowels modify this rule. <Carrier> carreur, <burial> bereul, <betrayal> bitrayul.
Exception -
See Word end vowel rules
for syllabic consonants following word
end vowels. <Flyer> /'fflie.r/ flyur.
EPG |
TS |
IP |
TS |
IP |
EPG |
TS |
IP |
TS |
IP |
|
b |
b |
b |
boy |
boy |
t |
t |
t (b) |
top |
top |
|
k |
c |
c (a) |
cat |
cat |
f |
v |
v |
vine |
vien |
|
d |
d |
d (b) |
dog |
dog |
w |
w |
w |
wet |
wet |
|
ff |
f |
f |
fish |
fish |
ks |
x |
x |
extra |
extra |
|
g |
g |
g |
goose |
goos |
gz |
x |
x |
exact |
exact |
|
h |
h |
h |
hat |
hat |
j |
y |
y |
yellow |
yelo |
|
jj |
j |
j |
jug |
jug |
z |
z |
z |
zebra |
zeebra |
|
k |
k |
k (a) |
kit |
kit |
ch |
ch |
ch |
church |
church |
|
l |
l |
l |
lip |
lip |
dh |
th |
th |
brother |
brvthur |
|
m |
m |
m |
man |
man |
sh |
sh |
sh |
shoe |
shu |
|
n |
n |
n |
net |
net |
th |
th |
th |
bath |
bath |
|
p |
p |
p |
pig |
pig |
wh |
wh |
w |
wheel |
weel |
|
kw |
qu |
qu |
quit |
quit |
zh |
varies |
zh |
measure |
mezhur |
|
r |
r |
r |
rat |
rat |
ng |
ng |
ng |
sing |
sing |
|
s |
s |
s |
sack |
sak |
a - See Consonant exceptions (a), below.
b - See
Consonant exceptions (b), below.
a - /k/ - K will be spelled at the end of base words for this sound and before /e/, /ee/, /y/, /i/ and /ie/. Except: K will not follow i at word end of multisyllable words. Picnic, <stick> stik. C will be spelled in all other cases. <Cook> cuuk, keg, keep, <monkey> mvnky, kit, <kite> kiet, sky. <Backtrack> baktrak. <Attack> utak.
b - The /.d/ sound used in this discussion, refers to the t and d sound in <petal> and <peddle> and at word end following unvoiced consonants in words like: packed, passed, scuffed.
b1 - /.d/ is spelled t at word end following unvoiced consonants. <Shaped> shaept, <backed> bact, <watched> wocht, <stuffed> stuft, <toothed> tootht, <washed> wosht. <Capped> capt, <topped> topt, <steeped> steept and <hooked> huuct. <Guest> gest, <guessed> gest, <past> past, <passed> past. ‘D’ looks more like traditional spelling but, ‘t’ is the sound we pronounce, according to the experts. I think the sound is /.d/. Neither /t/ or /d/.
b2 - /.d/ will be spelled t in words like <petal> but d in words like <pedal>. The sound of the word is the same, so the only way to know which spelling will be used is to consult a dictionary. The spelling dialect will be /'pet.l/ and /ped.l/ respectively even though actual pronunciation is /'pe.d.l/ for both. Sound-spelling should spell pedul for both but this action would be expected to generate a lot of unpopularity. <Header> /'he.d.r/ <wetter> /'we.d.r/.
b3 - Another area of difficulty is when a base word pronunciation changes a /t/ sound to a /.d/ sound. <Heat> /heet/, <heating> /'hee.d-ing/. The spelling will remain t in these words.
c - - W is spelled for the w in <water> wotur and the wh in <what> wot. Spelling is simplified by just spelling w. Pronunciation is according to the readers accent.
d - Ng - sing, <ingrate> ingraet - /’in-graet/.
d1 - The ngg sound will be spelled ng; <anger> angur - /’ang-gur/
d2 - The ngc sound will be spelled as in, <think> think, not thingk. Compare with; <income> incum - /’in-kum/.
e - The n(t)s sound in; dance, sense, rinse, since, once; is spelled ns. Dans, sens, rins, sins, wun.
e1 - The n(t)s sound will be spelled nts when it represents a plural ending. <Cent> sent, sents; <scent> sent, sents, <paint> paent, paents.
e2 - With the n(t)sh sound, it is difficult to determine whether nsh or nch should be pronounced in some words. The standard choices may seem arbitrary to some. For the time being, spell whichever seems most comfortable. <Influential> /in(t)-floo_’en(t)sh.l/ influenshul or influenchul, <picture> /'pik(t)shur/ picshur or picchur. This last word is not shown with (t) in my three dictionaries. The pronunciation is given as /'pik-ch.r/ but I pronounce the word /'pik-sh.r/.
f - /kw/ will always be spelled qu. Quit.
g - /th/ and /dh/ will be spelled th in Ipifuny-oo and Ipifuny-uu but th and dh in Ipifuny-dh. Thin. Then/dhen. The user may prefer to spell dh for /dh/. There's no law against it. It might eventually be preferred because it is more accurate relative to pronunciation. Ipifuny is spelling th because, in the past, dh found a lot of resistance and th is familiar, though inaccurate.
h - /tranz-/ and /trans-/ will be spelled, trans-. Transport. It is sometimes hard to tell whether the pronuniation should be /s/ or /z/, so choosing one for all instances seems the thing to do.
i - X, ex,
cs, ecs, egz, ics, gz, igz - See below.
six, extra, exhaltation, exceed, exactly
/siks/ /ek-stru/ /egz-aal-tae-shun/ /ek-seed/ /ig-zactly/
Six, extra, exoltaeshun, exeed, exactly.
a - Spell x for /ks, gz. Except: b, c.
<six> fix /siks/
<auxiliary> oxilyury
b - Do not spell x for possessives or plurals. Socks/soks, not sox. Box, six, figz, pigz, <Rick's> Rik's, <wrecks> reks.
c - When a double word or compound word forms a /k-s/ or /g-z/ sound when joined; x will not be spelled. Zigzag /zig-zag/; <rucksack> /ruk-sak/ ruksak; <irksome> /'urk-sum/, urksum.
d - Some words, when pronounced out of context, are unclear as to whether they are plural or not. When this is the case with cs sounds at word end: x will not be spelled. Cosmetics, ethics, italics, optics, <pediatrics> pedeatrics, <physics> fizics, <mathematics> mathumatics, <mechanics> mucanics, tactics.
e - When a compound word is unclear about plural affecting the x or ks spelling: ks will be spelled. <Spokesman> spokes-man, spoeksmun; <trickster> trick-stur, trikster.
f - At word beginning, ex will be spelled for the, ics, igz, ecs and egz sounds. <Exhaltation> exultashun, <excite> exiet, <example> exampul. The addition of a prefix will not change the ex spelling. Inexact.
g - At word beginning; ex is pronounced /eks/, when it has the meaning expressed in, 'ex-president'.
h - At word beginning; ex is pronounced /eks/ when it is before an unstressed syllable beginning with a consonant. Extra.
j - At word beginning; ex is pronounced /egz/ when it is before an unstressed syllable beginning with a vowel. <Exhaltation> exultashun.
k - At word beginning; ex is pronounced /iks/ when it preceeds a stressed syllable beginning with a consonant. <Exceed> exeed.
m - At word
beginning; ex is pronounced /igz/ when it preceeds a stressed syllable
beginning with a vowel. Exactly.
Words that,
sound/are-spelled, the same but have different meanings are considered
a problem but context and vocabulary can usually be counted on to
remove confusion. There are a lot of homophones in English and
attempting to clarify all of them in the spelling would require a lot
of unnecessary memorization. If the word is in your vocabulary, you
will have no problem. If it isn’t. Look it up.
a - There is no dependable rule about when to hyphenate words so the judgement of the writer will be good enough.
b - The elements of hyphenated words are spelled as if they were individual words except for syllabic consonants that are representing words, such as in: Poos-n-boots, hit-r-mis.
Dog’z-body, <half-breed> haf-breed, <hand-me-down> hand-me-doun, <hellbent> hel-bent, <ill-advised> il-udviezd.
c - The apostrophe may be used as shown below in place of some sounds. [See Vowel exceptions about, O’.] See Contractions below.
<o’clock> u’clok (uv clok).
<back-to-back> bak-tu-bak or bak-t’-bak
<cat-o’-nine-tails> cat-u’-nien-taelz.
<cul-de-sac> cul-da-sak or cul-d’-sak.
<Hop-o’-my-thumb>
(Hop on my thumb)> Hop-u’-my-thum - spelled as pronounced.
The
apostrophe (‘) will be used in contractions and possessives except for
contractions ending in /nt/. Arnt, books'r/buuks’r, cant,
coodnt/cuudnt, didnt, doent, duznt, hadnt, haznt, he’d, he’l, he’z,
hu’z, I’d, I’l, I’m, it’l, it’s, I’v, iznt, Jack'd, Jane’d, John’z,
Mary’z, Peter’l, she’d, she’l, she’z, shoodnt/shuudnt,
shoodnt'v/shuudnt’v, stoodunts’v, that's, thay’d, thay’d’v, thay’l,
thay’r, thay’v, we’d, we’l, we’r, we’v, wurnt, wot’d, wot’l, wot’m,
wot’r, wot’s, wer’d, wer’l, wer’v, woodnt/wuudnt, woent, yu’d, yu’l,
yu’r, yu’v.
a - 'Sight words'. The definite article, THE, will be spelled in its traditional form. The apple. The door. - The apul. The dor. Not, tha dor. The indefinite article is spelled, a; /ae/ and /u/. "Hav a cup uv cofy." In general homographs (words spelled the same with different definitions) are not avoided. However; the words <I> and <eye> and <aye> will be spelled, I and ie and ie, respectively. <You> will be spelled yu instead of ue in order to preserve some TS appearance.
b - Names and most regularly capitalized words, will be spelled with the traditional spelling. But the days of the week and months of the year will be spelled in Ipifuny. This is an area that needs some work. For now, use your own judgement about when the old spelling will be most appropriate.
c - When a suffix is added to a proper name that retains the old spelling, the suffix is spelled with the new spelling. Charles, <Charles’> Charles’z. Not, Charles’ or Charleses. <Jane’s> Jane’z.
d - Capitalization will remain as it is in traditional spelling.
The word, I, will still be capitalized, as well as its contracted forms. <I’ll> I’l, I’m. "I hav sumthing in my ie, but I’m stil aebul tu se."
e - When a word is formed of two or more elements the spelling will represent the pronunciation of the compound word, not its seperate elements. Grand-dad, grandad; grand-ma, granma; can-not, canot; un-necessary, unnesusery; ir-responsible, iresponsubul. <Craftsman> crafsmun. You may need to consult a dictionary to see the most common pronunciation. Sometimes an optional pronunciation is shown and no preference given. The standard will choose one. You may spell either until it is important that you learn the 'correct' one. Probably forever.
e1 - Exception: When word end pronunciation is either -l-ly or -ly, spell -ly. <Agilely> /’adj-ul-ly/ ajuly.
<heroically> hiroicly, <hostilely> hostuly, <ideally> iedeely, <loyally> loily, <materially> mutireuly, <really> reely, <wholly> hoely, <woolly> wuly, <belly> bely, <folly> foly, <fully> fuly, <dully> duly, <foully> fouly.
f - Letters representing sounds (not regular words) will be spelled as the writer percieves the sound. Brr, shh, thwac.
g - /mak/, /muk/, /mik/ - Mc - Prefix in names. It will always be spelled Mc in Ipifuny. <McDonald> McDonuld, <McAfee> McUfy. Pronounced /mak/ before unstressed syllables and /muk/ or /mik/ before stressed syllables.
Paul Stought
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